EVERYTHING You Need to Know When Driving in Japan

“Exploring Japan by car provides a special and personal look into the heart of this fascinating country. While Japan’s efficient public transportation effortlessly links major cities and tourist hotspots, there’s a unique joy in taking the wheel and venturing off the beaten path. Imagine cruising along the stunning coastlines of Okinawa, weaving through the winding roads of the Japanese Alps, or stopping by quaint countryside shrines and hot springs whenever you please. This comprehensive guide offers everything you need to make your driving adventure in Japan smooth, safe, and truly unforgettable.

International Driving Permit (IDP)

Do You Need an IDP?

In short the answer is, YES. International Driving Permit, IDP for short, is a legal requirement for tourists who wish to drive in Japan. It’s important to note that your home country’s driver’s license alone is not sufficient! Even if it’s in English! The IDP serves as a translation of your license and must be carried alongside your valid driver’s license at all times while driving. Just a reminder to always have your International Driving Permit (IDP) with you when driving around in Japan. Japanese authorities take this regulation seriously, and not having your IDP with you during a traffic stop or accident can lead to fines, invalidation of insurance, or even more serious legal consequences.

How to Obtain an IDP

Obtaining an IDP is a straightforward process but must be completed before you arrive in Japan, as you cannot get one within the country. Here’s how you can secure your IDP:
※please confirm with your local organization for more accurate details.

Contact Your Local Automobile Association: In many countries, organizations like the American Automobile Association (AAA) or the Automobile Association (AA) are authorized to issue IDPs.
Prepare Necessary Documents: You’ll typically need:
- A completed application form (available online or at the issuing office).
- Two passport-sized photos.
- A valid driver’s license from your home country.
- A form of identification(passport).
Pay the Fee: The cost of an IDP varies by country but is generally inexpensive, ranging from $20 to $50 (USD).
Processing Time: While some organizations offer to issue them on the same day, others may take a few days to process your application. Make sure to plan accordingly to ensure you receive your IDP before your departure.

Side note: Japan accepts IDPs based on the 1949 Geneva Convention. However, some countries issue IDPs based on the 1968 Vienna Convention. Convention, which Japan DOES NOT ACCEPT. Double-check with the issuing authority to ensure you receive the correct version!!!!

Understanding Japan’s Driving Rules

Driving in a foreign country can be exhausting, but familiarizing yourself with local traffic laws and customs will make the experience much more enjoyable. Here are some examples!

Left-Hand Traffic

In Japan vehicles drive on the left side of the road, and the steering wheel is on the right side of the car. If you’re from a country that drives on the right, this will require some adjustment. Here are some tips to help you adapt:

Practice in a Safe Area: Before hitting busy roads, make sure to take some time to practice driving in a quiet area to get used to the vehicle’s controls and the road orientation. Driving in Tokyo first go is not recommended.
Stay Focused at Intersections: Just a friendly reminder to be extra careful when making turns, especially right turns, since you’ll be crossing oncoming traffic.
Use the Left Lane: Remember that the left lane is the default driving lane, and the right lane is for overtaking.

Speed Limits

Speed limits in Japan are generally lower than in many Western countries and are strictly enforced with frequent speed cameras and police patrols.

Urban Areas: The standard speed limit is 40 km/h (25 mph), but it can be as low as 30 km/h in residential zones or school areas.
Suburban Roads: Speed limits range from 50 to 60 km/h (31-37 mph).
Expressways: The speed limit is typically 100 km/h (62 mph), but some sections may have lower limits of 80 km/h (50 mph).

Always be vigilant for speed limit signs (制限速度) and adjust your speed accordingly. Exceeding the speed limit can result in hefty fines, points on your license, or even license suspension.

Road Signs and Signals

Japan uses a mix of international symbols and unique signs, many of which include English translations, especially in tourist areas.

Stop Sign (止まれ): An inverted red triangle with white text, meaning “stop.”
No Entry: A red circle with a white horizontal bar.
Yield: An inverted white triangle with a red border.

Familiarize yourself with common road signs before driving. Resources are available through the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) website, which provides translations and explanations of Japanese road signs.

Traffic Lights

Understanding traffic lights is crucial for safe driving.

Red Light: You must come to a complete stop.
Green Light: Proceed if the way is clear.
Yellow Light: Prepare to stop; if you can do so safely, you must stop.
Flashing Yellow Light: Proceed with caution, often found at intersections without heavy traffic.
Flashing Red Light: Stop completely before proceeding, similar to a stop sign.

At some intersections, you might find a blue arrow light that allows you to turn left or right even when the main light is red, but only in the direction indicated.

Drinking and Driving

Japan has one of the strictest drinking and driving policies in the world.

Legal Blood Alcohol Limit: 0.03%, which is effectively zero tolerance.
Penalties: Penalties can include fines up to ¥1,000,000, imprisonment, and immediate license suspension.
Passenger Liability: Passengers who knowingly allow someone under the influence to drive can also be penalized.

Given these strict laws, it’s best to avoid alcohol entirely if you plan to drive.

Renting a Car in Japan

Renting a car in Japan is relatively easy, with numerous options available to suit different needs and budgets. Here’s what you need to know to rent a car smoothly.

Requirements

To rent a car, you’ll need:

Valid Driver’s License: Your home country license.
International Driving Permit: As discussed earlier.
Passport: For identification purposes.
Credit Card: For payment and security deposit. Some companies may accept cash, but it’s less common.

Ensure all your documents are up-to-date and readily available when you visit the rental office.

Rental Companies

Both international and local car rental companies operate in Japan, offering a range of vehicles from compact cars to luxury models.

Toyota Rent a Car: Offers a wide network of offices and a variety of Toyota vehicles.
Nippon Rent-A-Car: Known for its English-friendly services and nationwide coverage.
Times Car Rental: Offers competitive prices and various pick-up/drop-off locations.
Budget Japan: Provides options for budget-conscious travelers with reliable service.

Most companies offer online booking in English, allowing you to reserve your vehicle before arriving in Japan.

Insurance Options

Basic insurance is typically included in the rental price, covering damage to the vehicle and third-party liability. However, this may come with a deductible.

Collision Damage Waiver (CDW): Reduces your financial responsibility in case of an accident.
Supplemental Insurance: Covers personal accidents, theft, and other incidents not included in basic insurance.

Review the insurance options carefully and consider your comfort level with risk. Additional coverage may provide peace of mind, especially if you plan to drive extensively or in unfamiliar areas.

Booking Tips

Reserve in Advance: Rental cars can be in high demand during peak seasons like Cherry Blossom season (March-April) and Golden Week (late April to early May).
Specify GPS Requirements: If you need GPS navigation in English, request this when booking. Some GPS systems can switch languages, while others cannot.
Transmission Type: Automatic cars are standard in Japan, but if you prefer manual transmission, confirm availability.
Child Seats: If traveling with children, Japanese law requires child seats for kids under six years old. Request these in advance.

Navigating Toll Roads

Japan’s extensive network of expressways connects major cities and regions, making long-distance driving efficient but sometimes costly due to tolls.

Expressways and Tolls

Expressways are well-maintained and can significantly reduce travel time compared to regular roads.

Toll Fees: Fees are calculated based on distance traveled and vehicle type. For example, driving from Tokyo to Osaka can cost around ¥13,000 in tolls.
Payment Methods: Tolls can be paid manually at toll booths or automatically using an ETC card.

ETC Cards

An ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) card allows you to pass through toll gates without stopping, with fees automatically charged to the card.

Advantages: Saves time by avoiding queues at toll booths and sometimes offers discounts.
How to Get One: Many rental companies offer ETC cards for an additional fee or deposit. Inquire during the booking process.
Usage: Insert the ETC card into the onboard ETC device. As you approach the toll gate, the barrier will lift automatically if the card is read successfully.

Paying Tolls Manually

If you don’t have an ETC card:

You will need to go through the 「一般」gate and avoid ones in Purple that reads “ETC”.

Cash Payments: Accepted at all toll booths. Have small denominations ready to expedite the process.
Credit Cards: Accepted at most, but not all, toll booths. Visa and Mastercard are commonly accepted.
Toll Booth Procedure: When you drive onto the expressway, use the lane for manual payment and take a ticket. Keep the ticket with you and show it when you leave to find out how much you need to pay.

Parking in Japan

Parking regulations in Japan are strictly enforced, especially in urban areas. Understanding how and where to park will save you from fines and the hassle of retrieving a towed vehicle.

Parking Rules

No Street Parking: In most cities, parking on the street is prohibited unless explicitly allowed.
Designated Parking Areas: Look for parking signs (駐車場) indicating legal parking spaces.
Yellow Lines: Indicate no parking zones.
Blue Lines: May indicate permitted parking areas with specific time limits.

Finding Parking

Coin Parking Lots: These are unattended parking areas where you pay at a machine. They often use a locking mechanism under your car that releases once payment is made.
Parking Garages: Multi-story or underground facilities, usually in urban centers. They may have attendants and more security.
Automated Parking Systems: Some garages use automated systems where your car is mechanically parked and retrieved.

Parking Fees

Urban Areas: Expect to pay between ¥300 to ¥600 per hour, with daily maximums ranging from ¥2,000 to ¥3,000.
Suburban and Rural Areas: Fees are lower, often around ¥100 to ¥200 per hour.
Payment Methods: Machines usually accept coins and bills. Some accept credit cards or electronic payment methods like IC cards.

Always check the parking fee structure displayed at the entrance to avoid unexpected charges.

Navigation and GPS

Navigating in Japan can be challenging due to language barriers and the unique address system, which is based on areas rather than street names.

GPS Systems

Most rental cars come equipped with GPS navigation systems.

English GPS: Ensure the GPS unit can be set to English. This may limit your options, so request this feature when booking.
Inputting Destinations: Japanese GPS systems often use phone numbers or map codes to input destinations. Keep these handy for places you plan to visit.
Updates: GPS maps may not always be up-to-date in remote areas, so cross-reference with other navigation tools if possible.

Navigation Apps

Smartphone apps can be a valuable supplement to your car’s GPS.

Google Maps: Generally reliable for most regions in Japan, including real-time traffic updates.
NAVITIME Japan Travel: Designed for visitors, offering offline maps, public transportation options, and driving routes.
Maps.me: Provides offline maps, useful if you have limited data access.

Ensure you have a data plan that works in Japan, or consider renting a portable Wi-Fi device.

Language Considerations

While many road signs include English translations, smaller roads, especially in rural areas, may not.

Learn Basic Kanji: Recognizing key characters for directions (東 East, 西 West, 南 South, 北 North) can be helpful.
Destination Names: Have the names of your destinations written in Japanese characters to match road signs or ask for assistance if needed.

Fueling Up: Gas Stations

Keeping your vehicle fueled is essential, especially when traveling in remote areas where gas stations may be sparse.

Types of Gas Stations

Full-Service Stations: Attendants will fill your tank, clean your windshield, and may even check your oil. They often greet you enthusiastically and provide high levels of service.
Self-Service Stations: Generally cheaper by a few yen per liter. Instructions are usually in Japanese, but some machines have English options.

Fuel Types

Regular Unleaded (レギュラー): Red nozzle, suitable for most vehicles.
High-Octane (ハイオク): Yellow nozzle, for cars requiring premium fuel.
Diesel (軽油): Green nozzle, ensure you select the correct fuel type to avoid damaging the engine.

Double-check your rental agreement or the inside of the fuel cap to confirm the required fuel type.

Payment Methods

Cash: Widely accepted at all stations.
Credit Cards: Most stations accept major credit cards, but in rural areas, acceptance may vary.
IC Cards: Some stations accept electronic payment cards like Suica or Pasmo.

If unsure, ask the attendant or look for payment method signs (お支払い方法).

Road Etiquette and Safety

Japanese driving etiquette emphasizes safety, courtesy, and adherence to rules.

General Etiquette

Use Indicators Early: Signal your intentions well in advance to alert other drivers.
Yield to Pedestrians: Pedestrians have the right of way at crosswalks, and failing to yield can result in penalties.
Limited Horn Use: Honking is considered rude and is reserved for emergencies.
Keep Left Unless Overtaking: On expressways, stay in the left lane unless passing another vehicle.

Dealing with Narrow Roads

In rural and residential areas, roads can be quite narrow, sometimes only wide enough for one car.

Slow Down: Reduce speed to navigate tight spaces safely.
Yielding: If two cars meet on a narrow road, the vehicle closer to a wider spot or pull-out area should yield.
Mirrors and Convex Mirrors: Utilize side mirrors and look for convex mirrors placed at blind corners to see oncoming traffic.

Emergency Contacts

In case of emergencies:

Police (警察): Dial 110 for accidents, theft, or other incidents requiring police assistance.
Ambulance and Fire Services (消防): Dial 119 for medical emergencies or fires.
Language Assistance: While operators may not speak English, saying “English please” may get you connected to an English-speaking operator.

It’s advisable to have someone who speaks Japanese assist you if possible.

Urban vs. Rural Driving

Driving conditions can vary significantly between urban and rural areas.

Urban Areas

Traffic Congestion: Cities like Tokyo and Osaka experience heavy traffic, especially during its rush hours which is tipicallybetween 7-9 am and 5-7pm.
Complex Road Systems: Multi-level highways and intricate road networks can be confusing. GPS navigation is highly recommended.
Parking Challenges: Limited parking spaces and high fees. Utilize parking apps or plan your parking in advance.

Rural Areas

Less Traffic: Generally fewer cars on the road, allowing for a more relaxed driving experience.
Road Conditions: Roads may be narrower, and surfaces can be uneven or unpaved in remote areas.
Limited Facilities: Gas stations, rest stops, and convenience stores may be infrequent. Keep your fuel tank filled, and carry snacks and water.

Seasonal Considerations

Japan’s distinct seasons can greatly impact driving conditions.

Winter Driving

Snow and Ice: Northern regions like Hokkaido and mountainous areas receive heavy snowfall.
Snow Tires and Chains: Legally required in certain areas during winter months. Confirm with your rental company that the car is equipped appropriately.
Road Closures: Some roads may be closed due to snow. Check road conditions (道路情報) before traveling.

Typhoon Season

Heavy Rain and Winds: From June to October, typhoons can cause hazardous driving conditions.
Flooded Roads: Be cautious of water levels and avoid driving through flooded areas.
Stay Informed: Monitor weather updates and heed any travel advisories.

Holidays and Peak Seasons

Golden Week (Late April to Early May): One of Japan’s busiest travel periods. Expect congested roads and fully booked accommodations.
Obon Festival (Mid-August): Another peak travel time with heavy traffic on major routes.
New Year’s Holidays (Late December to Early January): Many people travel to their hometowns, causing increased road traffic.

Plan your travel schedule to avoid these peak times, if possible, or allocate extra time for delays.

Conclusion

Driving in Japan offers the unparalleled freedom to explore the country’s rich cultural tapestry and stunning natural landscapes at your own pace. From the neon-lit streets of Tokyo to the tranquil temples of Kyoto and the rugged beauty of Hokkaido’s national parks, a self-driven journey allows you to create a personalized adventure that public transportation can’t match.

By understanding Japan’s driving laws, preparing the necessary documentation, and respecting local customs and road etiquette, you’ll navigate the roads with confidence. Remember to plan ahead, stay informed about seasonal conditions, and embrace the unique experiences that come with driving in a foreign land.

Whether you’re chasing the cherry blossoms, embarking on a culinary road trip, or seeking spiritual enlightenment in remote shrines, the open road in Japan awaits you.

Safe travels and happy driving!

References

Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) – Provides resources on driving rules, road signs, and obtaining an IDP.
Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) – Offers travel tips, destination guides, and seasonal information.
National Police Agency of Japan – Information on traffic laws and regulations.
Toyota Rent a Car – Rental services and vehicle options.
NAVITIME Japan Travel App – Navigation app tailored for foreign travelers.